Twitegure ibyago by’intambara y’akarere? Bakiriwe nk’intwari mu mujyi wa Bukavu

Inyeshyamba za M23 zafashe umujyi wa Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo

Ku itariki ya 16 Gashyantare 2025, umutwe w’inyeshyamba wa M23 wafashe umujyi wa Bukavu, umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC). Ibi byabaye nyuma y’ifatwa ry’umujyi wa Goma mu kwezi gushize, bikaba byarateye impungenge zikomeye ku mutekano w’akarere ndetse n’ubusugire bwa RDC.

Imiterere y’igikorwa cya gisirikare

Nyuma yo gufata Goma, M23 yatangiye ibikorwa byo kwagura ibitero byayo mu majyepfo, yerekeza mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Ku itariki ya 5 Gashyantare 2025, uyu mutwe wafashe agace ka Kalehe, gaherereye mu nzira igana Bukavu. Ibi byatumye inzira yerekeza ku murwa mukuru w’intara ifunguka, bikuraho inzitizi z’ingabo za leta (FARDC) zari zicunze ako gace.

Mu gihe cy’icyumweru kimwe, M23 yakomeje gusatira Bukavu, igera ku nkengero z’umujyi ku itariki ya 15 Gashyantare 2025. Ingabo za leta zagerageje guhagarika izi nyeshyamba ariko ziza gusubira inyuma bitewe n’igihunga n’ibura ry’ibikoresho bihagije. Ku itariki ya 16 Gashyantare 2025, M23 yinjiye mu mujyi wa Bukavu nta nkomyi ikomeye, ifata ibice by’ingenzi birimo ikibuga cy’indege cya Kavumu.

Impamvu n’ingaruka z’ifatwa rya Bukavu

Ifatwa rya Bukavu rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano n’ubukungu bwa RDC. Uyu mujyi ni umwe mu mijyi ikomeye mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo, ukaba n’icyicaro cy’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro nka zahabu, coltan, na cassitérite. Kugenzura Bukavu bivuze ko M23 ifite uburyo bwo kugera ku mutungo kamere w’akarere, bikaba byongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugura intwaro no gukomeza ibikorwa bya gisirikare.

Ku rundi ruhande, ifatwa rya Bukavu ryateje impungenge ku mutekano w’abaturage. Nyuma yo kwinjira mu mujyi, habaye ibikorwa byo kwiba no gusahura, aho amaduka, amabanki, n’ibigo bya leta byibasiwe. Abaturage benshi bahunze ingo zabo, bajya gushaka ubuhungiro mu bice byegeranye cyangwa bakambuka umupaka bajya mu bihugu by’abaturanyi.

Reaktsiyo z’impande zitandukanye

Guverinoma ya RDC yamaganye ibikorwa bya M23, ishinja u Rwanda gutera inkunga uyu mutwe mu buryo bwa gisirikare n’ibikoresho. Umuvugizi wa guverinoma, Patrick Muyaya, yatangaje ko ibikorwa bya M23 bigamije guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu no kwiba umutungo kamere wa Kongo. Yongeyeho ko leta izakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo isubize Bukavu mu maboko y’ingabo za leta.

Ku ruhande rwa M23, umuyobozi wawo, Bernard Maheshe Byamungu, yatangaje ko ifatwa rya Bukavu ari intambwe ikomeye mu rugamba rwo guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi. Yavuze ko intego yabo ari ukugera i Kinshasa, bagakuraho ubutegetsi bubi no gushyiraho ubuyobozi bushya bubereye abaturage.

Ibihugu by’akarere n’imiryango mpuzamahanga byagaragaje impungenge ku bwiyongere bw’ubushyamirane muri RDC. Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni, António Guterres, yasabye impande zose guhagarika imirwano no gutangira ibiganiro bigamije amahoro. Yaburiye ko gukomeza intambara bishobora guteza intambara y’akarere, isubiza inyuma iterambere n’umutekano.

Inkomoko y’ikibazo n’uruhare rw’u Rwanda

M23 ni umutwe w’inyeshyamba ugizwe ahanini n’abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi, washinzwe mu 2012 ushinja guverinoma ya RDC kutubahiriza amasezerano y’amahoro. Uyu mutwe umaze igihe kirekire ushinjwa guterwa inkunga n’u Rwanda, haba mu bijyanye n’intwaro, imyitozo ya gisirikare, ndetse n’abasirikare b’inkunga.

Guverinoma ya RDC ishinja u Rwanda gushaka kwigarurira umutungo kamere w’uburasirazuba bwa Kongo binyuze mu gushyigikira imitwe y’inyeshyamba. Ku rundi ruhande, u Rwanda ruvuga ko ibikorwa byarwo bigamije kwirinda ibitero by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro irwanya ubutegetsi bwarwo ikorera muri Kongo, cyane cyane FDLR. Ibi birego n’ubwumvikane buke hagati y’ibihugu byombi byatumye umubano wabo urushaho kuzamba, bikaba bishobora guteza umutekano muke mu karere kose.