Timothy na Adam bekize Sida/ Ubushakashatsi ku Rukingo n’Umuti ya HIV/AIDS izwi nka Sida

Ubushakashatsi ku rukingo n’umuti wa Sida bumaze imyaka myinshi bukorwa n’abahanga mu by’ubuvuzi n’ubumenyi bw’imitekerereze y’imibereho y’abantu. Kuva mu myaka ya 1980 ubwo virusi itera Sida (VIH) yamenyekanaga, abashakashatsi bagiye bagira intambwe zitandukanye mu gushaka umuti urandura burundu iyi virusi ndetse n’urukingo ruzayirinda.

Intambwe mu bushakashatsi bw’Urukingo

Abahanga mu by’imiti n’ubuvuzi bagiye bagerageza gukora inkingo zitandukanye, harimo:

1. Urukingo rwa mRNA: Nk’uko byagenze ku rukingo rwa COVID-19, inkingo zishingiye kuri mRNA nazo zatangiye kugeragezwa ku cyorezo cya VIH. Urukingo rwa Moderna rukoresha iyi tekinolojiya rwagejejwe mu cyiciro cy’igerageza ku bantu mu 2022.
2. Urukingo rukoresha antibodies: Abashakashatsi bagize amahirwe yo kubona abantu bake bafite ubudahangarwa gakondo kuri VIH, maze bagendeye ku mikorere y’umubiri wabo bakora urukingo rukoresha broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs).
3. Urukingo rwageragejwe n’ishami rya NIH: Ishami ry’Ubuzima muri Amerika (NIH) ryakoze ubushakashatsi ku rukingo rwise Mosaico, ariko mu 2023 byatangajwe ko rutatanze umusaruro ufatika mu kurinda VIH.

Kugeza ubu, nubwo habayeho intambwe nini, nta rukingo rukomeye ruragerwaho rwemejwe nk’urwizewe ku Isi yose.

Ubushakashatsi ku Muti wa Sida

Ku bijyanye n’umuti ushobora gukiza Sida burundu, ubushakashatsi burakomeje kandi hari intambwe zimaze guterwa:

1. Ubuvuzi bwiswe “shock and kill”: Ubu buryo bugerageza gukangura virusi VIH yihishe mu mubiri, maze igahita yicwa n’imiti yongerwa ku yo abarwayi basanzwe bafata.
2. Abantu bakize Sida burundu: Hari abantu bake bagiye bavurwa bagakira burundu, barimo Timothy Brown (Berlin Patient) na Adam Castillejo (London Patient), bakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusimbuza uturemangingo twa stem cells.
3. Iremwa ry’imiti nshya: Hari imiti nka Lenacapavir, ishobora gufatwa rimwe mu mezi atandatu, ikagabanya ubukana bwa VIH mu mubiri.

Icyizere cy’ejo hazaza

Nubwo hakiri imbogamizi, ubushakashatsi ku rukingo n’umuti wa Sida buratanga icyizere. Hari icyizere ko tekinolojiya nshya nka CRISPR (ihindura ADN) na nanotechnology bizagira uruhare runini mu kurwanya VIH no kubona umuti wa Sida burundu.

Ubushakashatsi ku rukingo n’umuti wa Sida burakomeje, kandi buri mwaka hagenda haboneka udushya dutanga icyizere. Nubwo nta rukingo rwemewe ruracyaboneka, imiti ihari ifasha abarwayi kubaho neza, kandi ubushakashatsi burakomeje kugira ngo ejo hazaza hatagira Sida nk’icyorezo gihangayikishije Isi.